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Primary Education in Pakistan: Evidence-Based Analysis

📑 5 slides 👁 13 views 📅 4/20/2026
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Introduction

Harvard Kennedy School case study (2003)

Introduction
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Education Landscape (2000s)

  • <60% primary enrollment (lowest in South Asia)
  • Gender disparity: Girls 46%, Boys 58% enrollment
  • Severe income inequality in access to education
  • LEAPS study revealed critical learning deficits
Education Landscape (2000s)
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Public Sector Challenges

  • Chronic teacher absenteeism issues
  • Private students outperform by 1.5–2.5 years
  • Education spending dropped to 0.8% of GDP
  • 80% of budget spent on salaries, not learning
Public Sector Challenges
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Private Sector & NGOs

  • 32.9% enrollment in private schools by 2025
  • NGOs reach most vulnerable populations
  • Private schools show better learning outcomes
  • Limited reach in poorest rural areas
Private Sector & NGOs
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Conclusion & Solutions

  • 92.2% enrollment but 77% literacy failure
  • Key issue: Quality over quantity
  • Solutions: Increase funding, PPP models
  • Integrate successful NGO approaches
Conclusion & Solutions
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