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Pathophysiology of RDS in Premature Babies

📑 5 slides 👁 11 views 📅 2/21/2026 📄 PDF
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Introduction to RDS

RDS, or Hyaline Membrane Disease, affects premature infants due to underdeveloped lungs.

Introduction to RDS
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Surfactant Deficiency

  • Surfactant production begins at 24 weeks, peaks at 34-36 weeks.
  • Reduces alveolar surface tension, preventing collapse during exhalation.
  • Deficiency leads to increased work of breathing and atelectasis.
Surfactant Deficiency
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Alveolar Collapse & Gas Exchange

  • Atelectasis occurs due to high surface tension without surfactant.
  • V/Q mismatch results in hypoxemia and hypercapnia.
  • Impaired gas exchange leads to respiratory acidosis.
Alveolar Collapse & Gas Exchange
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Inflammation & Hyaline Membranes

  • Hypoxia and alveolar damage cause inflammation.
  • Proteins leak into alveoli, forming hyaline membranes.
  • Membranes further impair oxygen and CO2 exchange.
Inflammation & Hyaline Membranes
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Clinical Outcomes & Risks

  • Symptoms include grunting, nasal flaring, and cyanosis.
  • Untreated RDS can lead to bronchopulmonary dysplasia or death.
  • Early surfactant therapy and respiratory support improve outcomes.
Clinical Outcomes & Risks
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