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Grade -7 ICT: Internet and Network Basics

📑 10 slides 👁 36 views 📅 1/31/2026
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Introduction to Internet Basics

The Internet is a global network connecting millions of computers worldwide.

Introduction to Internet Basics
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What is the World Wide Web?

  • WWW is a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet.
  • Uses HTTP/HTTPS protocols to transfer web pages between servers and clients.
  • Invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 at CERN for scientific data sharing.
  • Web browsers like Chrome or Firefox interpret and display web content.
What is the World Wide Web?
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Wired vs Wireless Networks

  • Wired networks use Ethernet cables, offering stable, high-speed connections.
  • Wireless networks (Wi-Fi) use radio waves for flexible device mobility.
  • Wired: lower latency, higher security. Wireless: convenient but prone to interference.
  • Combination of both creates robust home/office network infrastructures.
Wired vs Wireless Networks
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Understanding Bandwidth

  • Bandwidth measures maximum data transfer rate (Mbps/Gbps).
  • Higher bandwidth allows faster downloads and smoother streaming.
  • Standard home connections: 25-100Mbps; fiber can reach 1Gbps+.
  • Network congestion can reduce effective bandwidth during peak times.
Understanding Bandwidth
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Data Packets: Internet's Building Blocks

  • Information travels in small chunks called packets (500-1500 bytes).
  • Each packet contains payload data, source/destination addresses.
  • Packets may take different routes and reassemble at destination.
  • Packet loss causes delays and requires retransmission.
Data Packets: Internet's Building Blocks
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Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

  • ISPs provide access to Internet backbone for homes/businesses.
  • Types: Cable (coaxial), DSL (phone lines), Fiber (light), Satellite.
  • Offer different speed tiers and data caps at varying prices.
  • Local ISPs connect to larger Tier 1 networks for global reach.
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
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Latency and Ping Rate Explained

  • Latency measures delay (ms) between request and response.
  • Ping tests measure round-trip time to a server and back.
  • Ideal gaming latency: <50ms. Video calls: <150ms acceptable.
  • Physical distance and hops increase latency significantly.
Latency and Ping Rate Explained
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Bandwidth vs Latency Impact

  • High bandwidth + low latency = optimal streaming/gaming experience.
  • High latency causes lag even with good bandwidth (online games).
  • Low bandwidth limits throughput regardless of latency (large downloads).
  • Satellite has high latency (500ms+) despite decent bandwidth.
Bandwidth vs Latency Impact
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Improving Network Performance

  • Upgrade router firmware and use 5GHz band for less interference.
  • Ethernet cables for stationary devices ensure maximum stability.
  • QoS settings prioritize important traffic (video calls over downloads).
  • Reduce connected devices during bandwidth-intensive activities.
Improving Network Performance
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Conclusion: Key Takeaways

  • Internet and WWW enable global connectivity through networks.
  • Bandwidth determines speed; latency affects responsiveness.
  • Wired/wireless have different advantages for various use cases.
  • Smart network management improves real-world performance.
Conclusion: Key Takeaways
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