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One Health Approach in Infectious Disease Epidemiology

📑 5 slides 👁 29 views 📅 3/31/2026
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Introduction to One Health

One Health: Integrated approach linking human, animal, and environmental health

Introduction to One Health
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Human-Animal-Environment Link

  • Zoonotic diseases jump from animals to humans (e.g., COVID-19 from bats)
  • Environmental changes increase disease transmission risks
  • 75% of emerging diseases originate in animals (WHO)
  • Climate change expands vector habitats (mosquitoes, ticks)
Human-Animal-Environment Link
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Key Zoonotic Diseases

  • COVID-19: Pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (animal origin)
  • Avian influenza: H5N1 virus with 60% human mortality rate
  • Salmonella: 1.35 million US cases annually from contaminated food
  • Rabies: 100% fatal if untreated, but 100% preventable
Key Zoonotic Diseases
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Epidemiological Surveillance

  • Real-time monitoring of human and animal disease patterns
  • Early warning systems detect 70% of outbreaks faster
  • Case study: Nigeria's integrated surveillance reduced Lassa fever by 40%
  • Digital tools: GIS mapping and AI prediction models
Epidemiological Surveillance
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Prevention & Global Action

  • Vaccination programs for humans and livestock
  • One Health Quadripartite: WHO, FAO, OIE, UNEP collaboration
  • Antimicrobial resistance prevention saves 10 million lives/year by 2050
  • Call to action: Invest in cross-sector training and research
Prevention & Global Action
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